Coptic for All

Level 1: Lesson 4

The Coptic alphabet: Consonants

Consonants with two pronunciations

Vita  Ⲃ ⲃ

The letter Vita: Ⲃ ⲃ
can be pronounced in 2 ways:
1- Same as the English letter “v” if ⲃ was followed by a vowel ( ⲁ ⲉ ⲏ ⲓ ⲟ ⲩ ⲱ )
Examples of Vita when pronounced “v”:
ⲃⲁⲕⲓ
ⲛⲟⲃⲓ
ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ
ⲃⲱⲕ
ⲃⲁⲧⲟⲥ
 
2- Same as the English letter “b” if ⲃ was not followed by a vowel
Examples of Vita when pronounced “b”:
ⲧⲱⲃϩ
ⲟⲩⲏⲃ
ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ
ⲛⲏⲃ
ⲗⲱⲃϣ

Dhelta Ⲇ ⲇ

The letter Dhelta: Ⲇ ⲇ
can be pronounced in 2 ways:
1- Same as the English letter D if it is part of a name
Examples of Dhelta when pronounced “d”:
Ⲇⲁⲩⲓⲇ
Ⲇⲁⲛⲓⲏⲗ
Ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲥ
 
2- Same as the English sound “th” in the word “the” in all other cases
Examples of Dhelta when pronounced “th”:
ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛ
ⲇⲱⲣⲟⲛ
ⲇⲉ
ⲇⲓⲡⲛⲟⲛ
ⲇⲓⲕⲉⲟⲥ

Theta Ⲑ ⲑ

The letter Theta: Ⲑ ⲑ
can be pronounced in 2 ways:
1- Same as the English letter “t” if the letter Shai “ϣ” or Sima “ⲥ” came before it
Examples of Theta when pronounced “t”:
ϣ̀ⲑⲏⲛ
ⲥ̀ⲑⲟⲓⲛⲟⲩϥⲓ
ⲁⲥⲑⲉⲛⲏⲥ
ⲥ̀ⲑⲉⲣⲧⲉⲣ
 
2- Same as the English sound “th” in the word “think” in all other cases
Examples of Theta when pronounced “th”:
Ⲑⲉⲟⲥ
ⲕⲁⲑⲁⲣⲟⲥ
ⲑⲱⲕ
ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ
ⲑⲁⲓ

Sima  Ⲥ ⲥ

The letter Sima: Ⲥ ⲥ
can be pronounced in 2 ways:
1- Same as the English letter “z” if it was followed by the letter Mi “ⲙ” in a Greek word
Examples of Sima when pronounced “z” (Extremely rare, these are probably the only ones we use frequently in the liturgy):
ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ
ⲡⲗⲁⲥⲙⲁ
ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲥⲙⲟⲥ
ⲁⲥⲡⲁⲥⲙⲟⲥ
 
2- Same as the English sound “s” in the word “small” in all other cases
Examples of Sima when pronounced “s”:
ⲥⲱⲙⲁ
ⲥ̀ⲙⲁⲣⲱⲟⲩⲧ
ⲥ̀ⲙⲟⲩ
ⲥⲁϫⲓ
ⲧⲁⲥⲱⲛⲓ

Tav Ⲧ ⲧ

The letter Tav: Ⲧ ⲧ
can be pronounced in 2 ways:
1- Same as the English letter “d” if the letter Ni “ⲛ” came before it in a Greek word
Examples of Tav when pronounced “d” (Extremely rare, these are probably the only ones we use frequently in the liturgy):
ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲟⲕⲣⲁⲧⲱⲣ
ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲁ
ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲛ
ⲟⲛⲧⲱⲥ
ⲉⲛⲧⲟⲗⲏ
 
2- Same as the English sound “t” in all other cases
Examples of Tav when pronounced “t”:
ⲥⲱⲧⲏⲣ
ⲧⲁⲥⲱⲛⲓ
ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ
ⲧⲱⲃϩ
ⲕⲁⲧⲁ

Janja Ϫ ϫ

The letter Janja: Ϫ ϫ
can be pronounced in 2 ways:
1- Same as the English letter “ j ” if it was followed by an “e” sounding vowel ( ⲉ ⲏ ⲓ )
Examples of Janja when pronounced “j”:
ϫⲉ
ϫⲏⲕ
ϫⲁϫⲓ
ϫⲉⲙϯⲡⲓ
ϫⲓϫ
 
2- Same as the English sound “g” in the word “English” in all other cases
Examples of Janja when pronounced “g”:
ϫⲱⲙ
ⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ
ⲉϫⲱⲣϩ
ϩⲟϫϩⲉϫ
ϩⲟⲗϫ

Test

Lesson 4 test

In order to complete the test you need to answer All the questions. When you are done click the “finish” button in the final slide 

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