Coptic for All - Lesson1-04

Level 1: Lesson 4

The Coptic alphabet: Consonants

Consonants with two pronunciations

Vita Ⲃ ⲃ

Dhelta Ⲇ ⲇ

Theta Ⲑ ⲑ

Sima Ⲥ ⲥ

Tav Ⲧ ⲧ

Janja Ϫ ϫ

Test

Vita Ⲃ ⲃ

Dhelta Ⲇ ⲇ

Theta Ⲑ ⲑ

Sima Ⲥ ⲥ

Tav Ⲧ ⲧ

Janja Ϫ ϫ

Test

Vita Ⲃ ⲃ

The letter Vita: Ⲃ ⲃ

can be pronounced in 2 ways:

1- Same as the English letter “v” if ⲃ was followed by a vowel ( ⲁ ⲉ ⲏ ⲓ ⲟ ⲩ ⲱ )

Examples of Vita when pronounced “v”:

ⲃⲁⲕⲓ

ⲛⲟⲃⲓ

ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ

ⲃⲱⲕ

ⲃⲁⲧⲟⲥ

2- Same as the English letter “b” if ⲃ was not followed by a vowel

Examples of Vita when pronounced “b”:

ⲧⲱⲃϩ

ⲟⲩⲏⲃ

ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ

ⲛⲏⲃ

ⲗⲱⲃϣ

Dhelta Ⲇ ⲇ

The letter Dhelta: Ⲇ ⲇ

can be pronounced in 2 ways:

1- Same as the English letter D if it is part of a name

Examples of Dhelta when pronounced “d”:

Ⲇⲁⲩⲓⲇ

Ⲇⲁⲛⲓⲏⲗ

Ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲥ

2- Same as the English sound “th” in the word “the” in all other cases

Examples of Dhelta when pronounced “th”:

ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛ

ⲇⲱⲣⲟⲛ

ⲇⲉ

ⲇⲓⲡⲛⲟⲛ

ⲇⲓⲕⲉⲟⲥ

Theta Ⲑ ⲑ

The letter Theta: Ⲑ ⲑ

can be pronounced in 2 ways:

1- Same as the English letter “t” if the letter Shai “ϣ” or Sima “ⲥ” came before it

Examples of Theta when pronounced “t”:

ϣ̀ⲑⲏⲛ

ⲥ̀ⲑⲟⲓⲛⲟⲩϥⲓ

ⲁⲥⲑⲉⲛⲏⲥ

ⲥ̀ⲑⲉⲣⲧⲉⲣ

2- Same as the English sound “th” in the word “think” in all other cases

Examples of Theta when pronounced “th”:

Ⲑⲉⲟⲥ

ⲕⲁⲑⲁⲣⲟⲥ

ⲑⲱⲕ

ⲡⲁⲣⲑⲉⲛⲟⲥ

ⲑⲁⲓ

Sima Ⲥ ⲥ

The letter Sima: Ⲥ ⲥ

can be pronounced in 2 ways:

1- Same as the English letter “z” if it was followed by the letter Mi “ⲙ” in a Greek word

Examples of Sima when pronounced “z” (Extremely rare, these are probably the only ones we use frequently in the liturgy):

ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ

ⲡⲗⲁⲥⲙⲁ

ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲥⲙⲟⲥ

ⲁⲥⲡⲁⲥⲙⲟⲥ

2- Same as the English sound “s” in the word “small” in all other cases

Examples of Sima when pronounced “s”:

ⲥⲱⲙⲁ

ⲥ̀ⲙⲁⲣⲱⲟⲩⲧ

ⲥ̀ⲙⲟⲩ

ⲥⲁϫⲓ

ⲧⲁⲥⲱⲛⲓ

Tav Ⲧ ⲧ

The letter Tav: Ⲧ ⲧ

can be pronounced in 2 ways:

1- Same as the English letter “d” if the letter Ni “ⲛ” came before it in a Greek word

Examples of Tav when pronounced “d” (Extremely rare, these are probably the only ones we use frequently in the liturgy):

ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲟⲕⲣⲁⲧⲱⲣ

ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲁ

ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲛ

ⲟⲛⲧⲱⲥ

ⲉⲛⲧⲟⲗⲏ

2- Same as the English sound “t” in all other cases

Examples of Tav when pronounced “t”:

ⲥⲱⲧⲏⲣ

ⲧⲁⲥⲱⲛⲓ

ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ

ⲧⲱⲃϩ

ⲕⲁⲧⲁ

Janja Ϫ ϫ

The letter Janja: Ϫ ϫ

can be pronounced in 2 ways:

1- Same as the English letter “ j ” if it was followed by an “e” sounding vowel ( ⲉ ⲏ ⲓ )

Examples of Janja when pronounced “j”:

ϫⲉ

ϫⲏⲕ

ϫⲁϫⲓ

ϫⲉⲙϯⲡⲓ

ϫⲓϫ

2- Same as the English sound “g” in the word “English” in all other cases

Examples of Janja when pronounced “g”:

ϫⲱⲙ

ⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ

ⲉϫⲱⲣϩ

ϩⲟϫϩⲉϫ

ϩⲟⲗϫ

Test

Lesson 4 test

In order to complete the test you need to answer All the questions. When you are done click the “finish” button in the final slide

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Level 1

+ Learn the Coptic Alphabet

+ Read simple words and examples from the liturgy

+ Practice reading the Lord’s prayer:

Ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲧ ⲉⲧϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲫⲏⲟⲩⲓ

Level 2

+ Indefinite and definite articles

+ Present tense

+ Past tense

+ Possessive adjectives

+ Adjectives & association

+ Structure of Coptic sentence

Level 3

+ Demonstrative pronouns

+ Negation of the past tense

+ Future tense

+ 2^nd Past tense

+ Possessive pronouns

+ Studying the First Canticle

Level 4

+ Imperative

+ Verb relation to object 2^nd and 3^rd degrees

+ Past continuous

+ Study the Lord’s prayer:

Ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲧ ⲉⲧϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲫⲏⲟⲩⲓ

Level 5

Advanced level, the curriculum will be tailored to the participants’ needs